Electrical power system operates at various voltage levels from 415 V to 400 KV or even more. Electrical apparatus used may be enclosed (e.g., motors) or placed in the open (e.g., transmission lines). All such equipment undergo abnormalities in their lifetime due to various reasons. To achieve safety of the system, electrical equipment has to be monitored to protect it and provide human safety under abnormal operating conditions.
This course is designed to help students to gain theoretical and applied understanding of power system protection, Protection schemes for various power system configurations, Fault current calculations, Protection of generators, transformers, transmission lines, bus bars and feeders.
After completing this course, students will gain professional knowledge on the emerging issues and challenges in the power system protection field related to increasing penetrations of distributed generation and intelligent, self-healing networks.
WHO SHOULD COMPLETE THIS COURSE
- Electrical Engineers
- Instrumentation Engineers
- Electricians
- Maintenance Engineers
- Supervisors
- Technicians
- Maintenance technicians
- Plant Engineers
- Design Engineers
- Project and/or Construction Engineer
COURSE OUTLINE
PROTECTION FUNDAMENTALS
- Power system protection
- Protection philosophy
- Protection system components
CALCULATION FAULT CURRENTS
- Possible faults
- Magnitudes of fault currents
- Per unit impedance in fault calculations
- Calculation of short circuit
- Calculations using impedance
EARTHING AND ITS RELEVANCE TO PROTECTION
- Type of system and earthing fault magnitude
- Effects of electricity on humans
- Electric shock modes of contact
- Earth loop resistance and protection
PROTECTIVE DEVICES AND COORDINATION
- Protection approach
- Fuses types
- Fuse application
- Digital protection features
- Typical modern relays
- Extended protection
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
- Purpose of circuit breakers
- Types of circuit breakers
- Battery construction
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
- Theory of Operation
- Voltage Transformer
- Current Transformer
- CT magnetizing curve
- Polarity
RELAY TYPES
- Two basic protection types
- Operation of IDMTL relay
- Current setting IDMTL relay
- Time multiplier setting
- Different operating curves
- Intelligent electronic devices
PROTECTION COORDINATION
- Basic principle
- Time and current coordination
- Characteristics of IDMT relay
- Ideal coordination of setting curves
FEEDER PROTECTION
- Unit Protection
- Advantages of unit protection
- Feeder protection
- 3 phase over current and earth fault
- Directional protection
TYPICAL PROTECTION IN COLLIERY
- Ground leakage protection
- Ground leakage sensitivities
- Pilot wire monitor
- Earth fault lockout
- NER monitor
NEED TO PROTECT BUSBARS
- Protection
- Frame leakage BB protection
- Busbar blocking scheme
- Zone selective interlocking scheme
- Optical sensing
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
- Inter Turn and Core faults
- Delta star transformer
- Transformer earth fault current
- Resistance earth neutral
- Earth fault protection
- Buchholz protection
ELECTRIC MOTORS
- Failure breakup
- Protection needed by AC motors
- Protection of motors
- Most important failure windings
THERMAL MODE OF MOTORS
- Steady state temperature
- Temperature rise multiple starts
- Effect of unbalanced current
- Hot and cold condition
- Starting problems
- Relay providing protection
SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
- Earth fault LV
- Earth fault HV- Low resistance earthing
- Earth fault HV- High resistance earthing
- Negative sequence protection
- Temperature based protection
- Other protection
GENERATOR PROTECTION
- Small and medium sized Industrial generators
- Generators- Electrical fault
- Generators- Mechanical faults
- Earth fault protection
- Overload protection
- Overcurrent protection
GENERATOR UNBALANCE PROTECTION
- Rotor fault protection
- Change of field distribution
- Field failure
- Out of synchronization
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
- Typical generator protection
- Functions of maintenance
- Issues of maintenance
- Configuration records
